Pavillons et Cocardes des Principales Puissances du Globe (1837)

About

Pavillons et Cocardes des Principales Puissances du Globe, d'après des Documens Officiels (“Flags and cockades of the principal powers of the globe, after official documents”) is an engraved, hand-coloured sheet published in Paris by J. Andriveau-Goujon in 1837, issued as No. 40 of the firm's Atlas Universel. It presents the naval and state flags of the powers of the day in six rows of country groups, together with the cockades (cocardes) of many states, and twelve printed footnotes on usage.

This page catalogues the sheet as a historical source. Printed headings and captions are transcribed as printed, with capitals normalized to mixed case and the engraver's abbreviations (Pav.^on, Anc.^en, G.^d) expanded silently; an English rendering follows each transcription in italics. The printed captions do not by themselves establish that every depicted design was official, current, or colour-accurate at the time of publication.

Source Catalogue

Complete sheet titled Pavillons et Cocardes des Principales Puissances du Globe, showing six rows of flags grouped by country, a band of cockades, and two printed notes panels — Complete sheet, reduced for display. Select the image to open the full 600 dpi source scan (about 253 MB).

Printed title	Pavillons et Cocardes des Principales Puissances du Globe, d'après des Documens Officiels
Date	1837, printed beneath the imprint. One of the few sheets in this collection carrying its date.
Associated work	Atlas Universel; the sheet is marked Atlas Universel, N° 40 at upper right.
Publisher	J. Andriveau-Goujon, Rue du Bac No. 6, Paris: Publié à Paris, par J. Andriveau-Goujon, Rue du Bac, N° 6.
Creator of plate	Not stated on the sheet
Language	French
Format	Engraved sheet, hand-coloured. Two cockades (Cracovie, Parme) were left uncoloured in this copy, showing the engraved line-work beneath the colouring.
Physical extent	One sheet; approximately 65 × 50 cm, inferred from the 600 dpi scan. Dimensions of the physical sheet not yet measured directly.
Provenance	Not yet recorded
Contents	108 flag panels in six rows of country groups (114 flag drawings: the five French arrondissement panels and the Chinese panel each contain two). A separate band carries 15 labelled cockades of minor states; unlabelled cockades are also drawn beside the flags of most powers. Twelve footnotes, keyed (a)–(r), are printed in two Notes panels.
Digital surrogate	Complete sheet: JPEG, 15433 × 11871 pixels at 600 dpi, with a reduced 1024 × 787 JPEG for display. Extracted panels: PNG (123: 108 flag panels and 15 cockades), cropped from the 600 dpi scan.
Catalogue status	Preliminary. Bibliographic placement of the Atlas Universel issue, provenance, and individual flag analysis remain subject to revision.

Editorial convention: Historical names and spellings are retained because they are evidence of the source's terminology — Danemarck, Norwège, Nouvelle Grenade, Buenos-Ayres are kept as printed. Modern identification and analysis are supplied separately, without silently replacing the printed labels.

Index of Flag Panels

The sheet contains 108 flag panels in six rows, grouped under printed country headings. They are presented here in the order in which they appear on the sheet, read left to right and top to bottom; each entry gives the printed group heading, the printed caption where one exists, and an English rendering in italics. Small unlabelled cockades drawn beside a flag are included in that flag's extraction. The five French arrondissement panels each contain two drawings with a shared caption, as does the Chinese panel. Select any image to open the full-resolution extraction.

France · Suède et Norwège · Oldenbourg – Mecklembourg · Danemarck – Suisse · Autriche – États Sardes · Lucques – Japon · Siam – Pérou · Cocardes

France

The five arrondissement panels stand under a printed brace headed Pavillons particuliers aux cinq Arrondissemens Maritimes du Commerce (“particular flags for the five maritime districts of commerce”); each panel pairs a pennant and a flag for the two coastal stretches of its district.

French tricolour with the French cocarde below, as printed on the sheet — FrancePavillons de Guerre et Marchand (a)War and merchant ensigns, with the French cockade

White-centred blue-bordered flag for requesting a pilot — FrancePour demander un PiloteSignal for requesting a pilot

Pennant and flag pair of the Cherbourg maritime district — Arrondissement de Cherbourg (1^er)De Dunkerque à Honfleur · De Honfleur à GranvilleMaritime district of Cherbourg — two coastal stretches

Pennant and flag pair of the Brest maritime district — Arrondissement de Brest (2^e)De Granville à Morlaix · De Morlaix à QuimperMaritime district of Brest — two coastal stretches

Pennant and flag pair of the Lorient maritime district — Arrondissement de Lorient (3^e)De Quimper à Lorient · De Lorient à la LoireMaritime district of Lorient — two coastal stretches

Pennant and flag pair of the Rochefort maritime district — Arrondissement de Rochefort (4^e)De la Loire à Royan · De Royan à la frontière d'EspagneMaritime district of Rochefort — two coastal stretches

Pennant and flag pair of the Toulon maritime district — Arrondissement de Toulon (5^e)De la frontière d'Espagne à Marseille · De Marseille à la frontière d'ItalieMaritime district of Toulon — two coastal stretches

Yellow and blue quartered flag of the western colonies — FranceColonies OccidentalesWestern colonies

Yellow and red vertically divided flag of the eastern colonies and African coasts — FranceColonies Orientales et Côtes d'AfriqueEastern colonies and coasts of Africa

Suède et Norwège

Swedish royal ensign with union canton and royal arms — Suède et NorwègePavillon RoyalRoyal ensign

Swedish war ensign with the civil cocarde beside it — Suède et NorwègePavillon de Guerre · Cocarde CivileWar ensign, with the civil cockade

Old Swedish merchant flag with the military cocarde beside it — Suède et NorwègeAncien Pavillon Marchand · Cocarde MilitaireOld merchant flag, with the military cockade

New Swedish merchant flag — Suède et NorwègeNouveau Pavillon MarchandNew merchant flag

Norwegian merchant flag with the Norwegian cocarde beside it — Suède et NorwègeMarchands Norwégiens · Cocarde NorwégienneNorwegian merchantmen, with the Norwegian cockade

Oldenbourg · Angleterre · Hanôvre · Russie · Pologne · Mecklembourg

Flag and cocarde of Oldenburg — OldenbourgGrand Duchy of Oldenburg — flag and cockade

British royal standard as printed on the sheet — AngleterrePavillon RoyalRoyal standard

Union Jack labelled Yacht — AngleterreYacht (b)Union flag — for the bowsprit of warships (note b)

White ensign labelled Division Blanche — AngleterreDivision BlancheWhite division — white ensign

Red ensign labelled Division Rouge — AngleterreDivision Rouge (c)Red division — red ensign, also the merchant flag (note c)

Blue ensign labelled Division Bleue, with the English cocarde — AngleterreDivision BleueBlue division — blue ensign; the English cockade appears in this panel

White flag with red cross labelled Yacht St Georges — AngleterreYacht S^t GeorgesSt George's flag

Red ensign variant labelled Batiments de la Douane — AngleterreBâtiments de la DouaneCustoms vessels

Bordered Union Jack for requesting a pilot — AngleterrePour demander un PiloteSignal for requesting a pilot

Striped flag with Union canton of the East India Company — AngleterreCompagnie des Indes OrientalesEast India CompanyFlag page →

Flag and cocarde of Hanover — HanôvreKingdom of Hanover — flag and cockade

Yellow flag with black double-headed eagle, the Russian imperial standard — RussiePavillon ImpérialImperial standard

Red flag with hoist stripes labelled Yacht — RussieYachtYacht flag

White flag with blue saltire, the Russian war ensign, with cocarde — RussiePavillon de GuerreWar ensign (St Andrew's cross), with the Russian cockade

White, blue, and red merchant flag of Russia — RussiePavillon MarchandMerchant flag

White flag with imperial eagle and stripe, Russian-American Company — RussieCompagnie de l'Amérique RusseRussian-American Company

Bordered saltire flag for requesting a pilot — RussiePour demander un Pilote (d)Signal for requesting a pilot (note d)

White flag with blue saltire and eagle canton, labelled Pologne, with cocarde — PolognePoland — flag and cockade, printed six years after the November Uprising's suppression

Blue, white, and red flag of Mecklenburg-Schwerin with cocarde — Mecklembourg SchwerinGrand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin — flag and cockade

Danemarck · Hollande · Belgique · Villes Libres · Prusse · Suisse

Danish split flag with royal arms — DanemarckPavillon RoyalRoyal ensign

Danish split flag with the Danish cocarde — DanemarckPavillon de GuerreWar ensign, with the Danish cockade

Rectangular Dannebrog merchant flag — DanemarckPavillon MarchandMerchant flag

Dannebrog with royal cipher for the Mediterranean trade — DanemarckPavillon Marchand dans la MéditerranéeMerchant flag in the Mediterranean — with the royal cipher

Bordered Dannebrog for requesting a pilot — DanemarckPour demander un PiloteSignal for requesting a pilot

White flag bearing the crowned Dutch royal arms with lions and motto Je Maintiendrai — HollandePavillon RoyalRoyal standard — arms with the motto *Je Maintiendrai*

Dutch red, white, and blue tricolour with orange cocarde — HollandePavillon de Guerre et MarchandWar and merchant ensign, with the orange cockade

Bordered Dutch tricolour for requesting a pilot — HollandePour demander un PiloteSignal for requesting a pilot

Black, yellow, and red vertical tricolour of Belgium with cocarde — BelgiquePavillon de Guerre et MarchandWar and merchant ensign of the new Belgian kingdom, with cockade

Red flag with white castle, labelled Hambourg — Villes LibresHambourg (e)Free City of Hamburg (note e)

Striped and checkered flag of Bremen with cocarde — Villes LibresBrêmeFree City of Bremen, with cockade

White over red flag of Luebeck — Villes LibresLubeckFree City of Lübeck

Red and white flag with eagle canton, labelled Francfort — Villes LibresFrancfortFree City of Frankfurt

White flag with crowned Prussian eagle bearing sword and sceptre — PrussePavillon RoyalRoyal ensign

Swallow-tailed Prussian war ensign with eagle and iron cross — PrussePavillon de GuerreWar ensign

White flag with black eagle and the Prussian cocarde — PrussePavillon MarchandMerchant flag, with the Prussian cockade

Striped swallow-tailed flag lettered MEMEL — PrussePavillon de Memel (f)Flag of Memel — lettered with the port's name (note f)

White flag with black border for requesting a pilot — PrussePour demander un PiloteSignal for requesting a pilot

Red flag with white cross, labelled Drapeau Federal, with cocarde — SuisseDrapeau Fédéral (g)Federal flag of the Swiss Confederation, with cockade (note g)

Autriche · Espagne · Portugal · États Sardes

Yellow flag with double-headed eagle and decorated border, the Austrian imperial standard — AutrichePavillon ImpérialImperial standard

Red-white-red Austrian ensign with crowned shield and cocarde — AutrichePavillon de Guerre et MarchandWar and merchant ensign, with the Austrian cockade

Square Austrian ensign labelled Pavillon Carre — AutrichePavillon Carré (h)Square flag — admiral's command mark (note h)

Bordered Austrian ensign for requesting a pilot — AutrichePour demander un PiloteSignal for requesting a pilot

Spanish royal standard with quartered arms — EspagnePavillon RoyalRoyal standardFlag page →

Red-yellow-red Spanish war ensign with arms and red cocarde — EspagnePavillon de GuerreWar ensign, with the Spanish cockade

Red and yellow striped Spanish merchant flag — EspagnePavillon Marchand (i)Merchant flag (note i)

Red and white checkered flag for requesting a pilot — EspagnePour demander un PiloteSignal for requesting a pilot

Crimson Portuguese royal standard with crowned arms — PortugalPavillon RoyalRoyal standard

Blue and white Portuguese war ensign with crowned arms — PortugalPavillon de GuerreWar ensign

Blue and white Portuguese merchant flag with cocarde — PortugalPavillon MarchandMerchant flag, with the Portuguese cockade

Red-bordered white flag with small shield for requesting a pilot — PortugalPour demander un PiloteSignal for requesting a pilot

Ornate bordered royal standard of the Sardinian States — États SardesÉtendard RoyalRoyal standard

Blue ensign with Savoy cross canton, the Sardinian war ensign — États SardesPavillon de GuerreWar ensign

Red flag with crowned white cross, labelled Yacht National — États SardesYacht National (k)National yacht flag — also the mark of the admiral-in-chief (note k)

Blue merchant flag with Savoy canton and blue cocarde — États SardesPavillon MarchandMerchant flag, with the Sardinian cockade

Red flag with white cross of the Duchy of Savoy — États SardesPavillon du Duché de SavoieFlag of the Duchy of Savoy

White flag with red cross and four heads, flag of the Island of Sardinia — États SardesPavillon de l'Ile de SardaigneFlag of the Island of Sardinia — the four Moors

White flag with red cross of the Duchy of Genoa — États SardesPavillon du Duché de GênesFlag of the Duchy of Genoa

Lucques · Toscane · État de l'Église · Deux-Siciles · Iles Ioniennes · Turquie · Grèce · Perse · Chine · Japon

Yellow and red striped flag of Lucca with red cocarde — LucquesDuchy of Lucca — flag and cockade

Red and white Tuscan war flag with grand-ducal arms and cocarde — ToscanePavillon de GuerreWar ensign, with the Tuscan cockade

Red and white Tuscan merchant flag with arms — ToscanePavillon MarchandMerchant flag

White flag with papal tiara and keys, with pale yellow cocarde — État de l'ÉglisePavillon du S^t Siège (l)Flag of the Holy See, with cockade (note l)

Yellow and white merchant flag of the Papal States with tiara and keys — État de l'ÉglisePavillon MarchandMerchant flag

Red flag with crowned arms of the Two Sicilies — Deux-SicilesPavillon RoyalRoyal standard

White flag with crowned arms and red cocarde, Two Sicilies war and merchant ensign — Deux-SicilesPavillon de Guerre et MarchandWar and merchant ensign, with the Neapolitan cockade

Blue and white vertically banded flag for requesting a pilot — Deux-SicilesPour demander un PiloteSignal for requesting a pilot

Blue flag with Union canton and winged lion, flag of the Ionian Islands, with black cocarde — Iles IoniennesUnited States of the Ionian Islands, under British protection — the lion of St Mark with Union canton, and cockade

Red swallow-tailed standard with three crescents, Ottoman great standard — TurquieGrand Étendard, Pavillon de GuerreGreat standard and war ensign — with three crescents

Green and red horizontally striped flag of the Grand Seigneur with cocarde — TurquiePavillon du Grand SeigneurFlag of the Grand Seigneur (the Sultan), with cockade

Red and green banded Ottoman merchant flag — TurquiePavillon Marchand (m)Merchant flag (note m)

Greek war ensign with cross canton bearing small arms, and blue-white cocarde — GrècePavillon de GuerreWar ensign of the new Greek kingdom, with cockade

Striped Greek merchant flag with cross canton — GrècePavillon MarchandMerchant flag

White standard with three lions, labelled Etendard, of Persia — PerseÉtendardStandard — with lions

White flag with lion and sun emblem, Persian merchant flag — PersePavillon MarchandMerchant flag — the lion and sun

Two Chinese flags, one yellow bordered and one patterned with figures, labelled Pavillons Variables — ChinePavillons Variables (n)Variable flags — two examples (note n)

Blue and white horizontally banded flag labelled Pavillon Imperial, of Japan — JaponPavillon Impérial (o)Imperial flag (note o)

Siam – Pérou

The sixth row gives one flag to each of nineteen states, the country name printed above each panel. Beneath the three flags of Nouvelle Grenade, Équateur, and Venezuela a shared note reads: (Ces trois Pavillons ne diffèrent que par l'Écusson.) — “these three flags differ only in the escutcheon.”

Red flag with white elephant, labelled Siam — SiamSiam — white elephant on red

White flag with peacock, labelled Birmanie — BirmanieBurma — the peacock

Plain red flag labelled Maroc — MarocMorocco — plain red

Green flag with crescents, labelled Tripoli — Tripoli(p)Tripoli (note p, on the Barbary states)

Blue and red striped flag labelled Tunis — TunisTunis

United States stars and stripes with cocarde — États-UnisPavillon de Guerre et Marchand (q)War and merchant ensign, with cockade (note q)

Mexican tricolour with eagle and cocarde — MexiqueMexico — tricolour with the eagle, and cockade

Blue over red flag of Haiti with arms and cocarde — Haïti(r)Haiti — with arms, and cockade (note r)

Blue and white flag lettered Dios Union Libertad, with cocarde — GuatemalaGuatemala (Central American Federation) — motto *Dios Union Libertad*, and cockade

Yellow, blue, and red flag with arms, labelled Nouvelle Grenade — Nouvelle GrenadeNew Granada — tricolour with arms

Yellow, blue, and red flag labelled Equateur — ÉquateurEcuador — tricolour without arms

Yellow, blue, and red flag labelled Venezuela — VenezuelaVenezuela — tricolour without arms

Flag with black canton bearing white star, labelled Valparaiso — ValparaisoValparaiso — listed as its own entity beside Chile

Chilean flag with star on blue canton, with cocarde — ChiliChile — with cockade

Green Brazilian flag with yellow lozenge and imperial arms, with cocarde — BrésilEmpire of Brazil — with cockade

Yellow, red, and green banded flag with arms, labelled Bolivie — BolivieBolivia

Blue flag with single white star, labelled Paraguay — ParaguayParaguay — a blue flag with one star, unlike the documented tricolour

Blue and white flag with sun, labelled Buenos-Ayres, with cocarde — Buenos-AyresBuenos Aires (Argentine Confederation) — with the sun, and cockade

Red and white Peruvian flag with sun, with cocarde — PérouPeru — with cockade

Cocardes

A band beneath the flag rows carries fifteen labelled cockades of minor states, complementing the unlabelled cockades drawn beside the flags of the greater powers. In this copy the Cracovie and Parme cockades were left uncoloured by the colourist, showing the bare engraved line-work.

Cockade of Hesse-Cassel — Hesse-CasselCockade of Hesse-Kassel

Hesse-DarmstadtCockade of Hesse-Darmstadt

Hesse-ÉlectoraleCockade of Electoral Hesse

Cockade of Wuerttemberg — WurtembergCockade of Württemberg

Mecklembourg-StrelitzCockade of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Uncoloured engraved cockade of Cracow — CracovieCockade of the Free City of Cracow — left uncoloured in this copy

Uncoloured engraved cockade of Parma — ParmeCockade of Parma — left uncoloured in this copy

Printed Notes

Two panels beneath the flag rows carry twelve footnotes keyed to letters printed under individual panels. They are transcribed here with English renderings; the abbreviations of the engraver are expanded.

(a)	Le Pavillon Royal porte sur la partie blanche une couronne et le chiffre du Roi sur un écusson bleu. The royal ensign bears on the white part a crown and the King's cipher on a blue escutcheon.
(b)	Pour le Beaupré des vaisseaux de guerre. For the bowsprit of warships.
(c)	Ce Pavillon est celui des vaisseaux Marchands qui peuvent aussi arborer ceux des divisions bleue et blanche en les bordant de rouge. This flag is that of merchant vessels, which may also fly those of the blue and white divisions when bordered with red.
(d)	Les Vaisseaux de guerre portent à leur Beaupré un Pavillon semblable sans bordure blanche. Warships carry at their bowsprit a similar flag without the white border.
(e)	Ce Pavillon est quelquefois bleu ou blanc avec le château rouge. This flag is sometimes blue or white with the castle red.
(f)	Ce Pavillon se porte aussi sans le nom de la ville. This flag is also flown without the name of the town.
(g)	Ce Pavillon est celui de la Confédération Helvétique pour tous les Cantons réunis. Chaque canton a aussi son Pavillon particulier. This flag is that of the Helvetic Confederation for all the cantons together. Each canton also has its own flag.
(h)	Marque distinctive du commandement d'un Amiral ou d'un officier Général. Distinctive mark of the command of an admiral or a general officer.
(i)	Les Bâtiments Marchands armés en course portent les armes Royales comme le Pavillon de guerre. Merchant vessels fitted out as privateers bear the royal arms like the war ensign.
(k)	Servant aussi de distinction à l'Amiral en chef. Serving also as the distinction of the admiral-in-chief.
(l)	Il y a un autre Pavillon qui n'est arboré que pendant la vacance du S^t Siège. There is another flag which is hoisted only during the vacancy of the Holy See.
(m)	Les Navires marchands portent aussi un Pavillon tout rouge et aussi un Pavillon jaune avec 3 croissans blancs. Merchant ships also carry an all-red flag, and also a yellow flag with three white crescents.
(n)	Il y a dans cet Empire plusieurs Pavillons de couleurs variables. There are in this empire several flags of variable colours.
(o)	Chaque Prince Japonais a un Pavillon particulier. Each Japanese prince has his own flag.
(p)	Les Pavillons particuliers des États Barbaresques sont souvent remplacés par un Pavillon tout rouge. The particular flags of the Barbary states are often replaced by an all-red flag.
(q)	Le Pavillon de la Douane porte les bandes rouges verticales. Le 1^er Commodore porte un pavillon à pointe bleue avec des étoiles blanches, le 2^e rouge, le 3^e blanc, avec des étoiles bleues. Le Pavillon de Santé est tout jaune. The customs flag bears the red stripes vertical. The first commodore carries a blue-pointed pennant with white stars, the second red, the third white, with blue stars. The quarantine flag is all yellow.
(r)	Ce Pavillon est celui qui est arboré les Fêtes et Dimanches; celui des jours ordinaires ne porte pas d'écusson. This flag is the one hoisted on feast days and Sundays; that of ordinary days does not bear the escutcheon.

Method and Next Stage

This preliminary index records what is present before interpreting it. The sheet's claim to follow des Documens Officiels makes it a valuable benchmark for the state of European knowledge of world flags in 1837, and several panels invite individual study.

Among them: the Paraguay panel shows a plain blue flag with a single star, wholly unlike the documented red-white-blue tricolour; Valparaiso is given a flag of its own beside Chile; Poland retains a panel six years after the November Uprising was suppressed; the Japanese and Chinese entries — drawn before either state adopted a national flag — document the publisher's honest uncertainty, stating that Chinese colours are variable and that each Japanese prince has his own flag.

The five French arrondissement panels, with the same district numbering and coastal stretches, reappear almost unchanged on the 1863 plate in this collection published a generation later by Armand Le Chevalier — a direct case of the copying relationships this atlas is designed to trace.

Bibliographic References

Pavillons et Cocardes des Principales Puissances du Globe, complete sheet in the present collection; title, imprint, date, series marking, captions, and notes transcribed from the sheet.
Bibliographic placement of the Andriveau-Goujon Atlas Universel and this issue's place within it remains to be established.